Earn the most prestigious title in your career and develop leadership skills suited to today’s global business challenges. This online DBA program empowers you to innovate and lead at the highest levels.
Doctorate
15 June, 2025
36 Months
This course was designed to empower experienced professionals with advanced knowledge and research skills to enable them to drive innovation. Upon completion, learners will be awarded an DBA degree from Euro Asian, Geneva.
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Doctor Degree in Business Administration
1. Foundations of Blockchain Technology
Learn about DLT's architecture, consensus mechanisms, scalability, security models, data immutability, interoperability, smart contracts, and cryptographic foundations. Understand permissioned vs. permissionless ledgers, governance models, real-world applications, privacy-preserving techniques, and how DLT supports decentralized systems, ensuring integrity, transparency, and trust without centralized authorities.
Learn about consensus mechanisms ensures trust, security, and decentralization. Study their algorithms, fault tolerance, energy efficiency, scalability, and attack resilience. Compare Proof of Work, Proof of Stake, and Byzantine Fault Tolerance in terms of real-world applications, performance trade-offs, and cryptographic foundations.
Learn about blockchain architecture fundamentals, including consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, nodes, and peer-to-peer networks. Understand layered architecture—data, network, consensus, incentive, and application layers. Explore security, scalability, interoperability, and cryptographic principles underpinning blockchain protocols and their practical implications in real-world systems.
Learn smart contract fundamentals, their decentralized logic, programming languages (e.g., Solidity), formal verification, security vulnerabilities, consensus integration, and real-world applications. Focus on cryptographic underpinnings, trust models, scalability, interoperability, and legal implications to contribute to secure, efficient, and innovative blockchain-based systems and protocols.
2. Cryptographic Principles
Understand the principles, algorithms, and use cases of symmetric (AES, DES) and asymmetric (RSA, ECC) cryptography. Focus on their roles in ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Study key management, performance, and their integration in blockchain protocols and secure communication systems.
Learn about the design, properties, and applications of cryptographic hash functions like SHA and BLAKE. Focus on collision resistance, pre-image resistance, and avalanche effect. Understand their role in blockchain integrity, digital signatures, and consensus algorithms. Analyze vulnerabilities, performance, and post-quantum resilience to evaluate security and efficiency in decentralized systems.
Learn about the digital signatures’ role in ensuring data integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation. Understand PKI's architecture, certificate authorities, trust models, and key management. Explore signature schemes (RSA, ECDSA), quantum-resistant algorithms, and their application in blockchain consensus, smart contracts, and secure identity verification systems.
Learn about Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) focusing on their mathematical foundations, cryptographic protocols, privacy preservation, and applications in blockchain (e.g., zk-SNARKs, zk-STARKs). Understand scalability, trustless systems, and secure verification without revealing data. Explore real-world use cases in decentralized identity and confidential transactions.
3. Decentralized Applications (DApps)
Learn about DApp design principles, smart contract security, consensus mechanisms, scalability solutions, interoperability, decentralized storage, cryptographic protocols, on-chain/off-chain computation, governance models, and user privacy. Emphasize formal verification, threat modeling, and resilience to attacks in distributed systems to ensure secure, efficient decentralized application development.
Learn about Web3 architecture, decentralized applications (dApps), Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), Solidity programming, smart contract security, consensus mechanisms, interoperability, zero-knowledge proofs, and formal verification methods. Focus on cryptographic protocols enabling secure, trustless smart contracts and their implications for decentralized governance and scalable blockchain ecosystems.
Understand Ethereum’s architecture, consensus mechanisms, and smart contract functionality. Learn Solidity syntax, security practices, and gas optimization. Explore decentralized applications (dApps), Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), and token standards like ERC-20 and ERC-721. Focus on cryptographic principles, scalability issues, and formal verification techniques relevant to blockchain research and secure smart contract development.
Learn about the principles of tokenization, types of tokens, especially utility tokens, their cryptographic foundations, use in decentralized systems, regulatory aspects, smart contract integration, tokenomics, security concerns, and real-world applications. Study protocol design, consensus mechanisms, and interoperability between blockchain networks.
4. Consensus Algorithms and Protocols
Learn about PoW and PoS in terms of consensus mechanisms, energy efficiency, security models, scalability, economic incentives, attack vulnerabilities (e.g., 51% attacks), decentralization trade-offs, and cryptographic foundations. Analyze their real-world applications, limitations, and implications for future blockchain protocols and sustainable decentralized systems.
Learn about DPoS consensus mechanics, validator election algorithms, cryptographic security, game theory implications, attack vectors, decentralization trade-offs, network scalability, incentive structures, and real-world implementations. Study its efficiency, governance models, and compare with PoW/PoS to assess its suitability for various blockchain applications.
Learn BFT's core principles, its role in achieving consensus in adversarial settings, key algorithms (e.g., PBFT, Tendermint), scalability issues, cryptographic assumptions, fault tolerance thresholds, real-world applications (e.g., Hyperledger), and how BFT compares to Proof-of-Work/Stake. Study security, latency, and decentralization trade-offs.
Learn about the Hybrid and Novel Consensus models enhances scalability, security, and decentralization in blockchain systems. Study mechanisms combining PoW, PoS, and Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Explore their impact on energy efficiency, consensus finality, and suitability for various blockchain applications in cryptographic research and innovation.
5. Blockchain Security
Learn about common attack vectors like phishing, Sybil attacks, DDoS, and 51% attacks. Understand how vulnerabilities are exploited in cryptographic protocols, smart contracts, and consensus mechanisms. Focus on prevention, detection, and mitigation strategies to enhance blockchain security and resilience against evolving threats.
Learn about auditing mechanisms, consensus validation, smart contract verification, immutability, traceability, cryptographic proofs, compliance protocols, and forensic analysis. Emphasis should be on ensuring data integrity, detecting anomalies, and designing secure, transparent, and efficient blockchain audit frameworks.
Learn about smart contract vulnerabilities such as reentrancy, integer overflow/underflow, front-running, and denial-of-service. Study formal verification, security audits, and vulnerability detection tools. Understand how cryptographic primitives and secure coding practices can mitigate these issues in decentralized applications.
Learn formal methods for cryptographic protocol analysis, including threat models, verification tools (e.g., ProVerif, Tamarin), security properties (e.g., confidentiality, integrity), and real-world protocol case studies. Understand protocol flaws, symbolic vs. computational models, and how to design and evaluate secure, blockchain-integrated cryptographic protocols.
6. Scalability and Performance
Understand the scalability, security, and decentralization trade-offs between Layer 1 (base protocols like Ethereum) and Layer 2 (off-chain solutions like rollups, channels). Analyze their cryptographic foundations, consensus mechanisms, and interoperability. Focus on how these layers enhance blockchain efficiency, transaction speed, and privacy while preserving trustless and secure architectures.
Understand how sharding enhances scalability by partitioning blockchain data, and how sidechains enable interoperability and offloading transactions. Study consensus mechanisms, security trade-offs, data availability, cryptographic proofs, and implications on decentralization. Explore practical implementations and theoretical models to advance blockchain efficiency and scalability.
Learn about the technical architecture, cryptographic primitives, scalability mechanisms, consensus integration, and security models of Lightning Network and Plasma. Study their differences, off-chain transaction handling, smart contract usage, and implications for decentralized applications, privacy, and blockchain interoperability.
Learn about throughput, latency, and TPS (transactions per second) affect scalability and consensus efficiency. Focus on cryptographic protocols, block propagation, network design, and optimization techniques like sharding, layer-2 solutions, and zero-knowledge proofs to enhance performance without compromising security and decentralization.
7. Privacy and Anonymity in Blockchain
Learn about Confidential Transactions (CT) mechanisms, including Pedersen Commitments, range proofs, and Bulletproofs. Understand how CT ensures transaction privacy by hiding amounts while preserving verifiability. Study scalability, efficiency, and real-world implementations like in Monero or Elements, and explore their limitations and potential improvements.
Learn the cryptographic principles of ring signatures, their role in anonymous transactions, and how they enable unlinkability in cryptocurrencies like Monero. Study mixing services' techniques, privacy trade-offs, attack vectors, and regulatory challenges. Focus on enhancing privacy without compromising security or scalability.
Learn the fundamentals of homomorphic encryption, its types (partial, somewhat, fully), mathematical foundations, performance trade-offs, and implementation challenges. Explore its role in privacy-preserving computation, secure smart contracts, and decentralized systems. Study real-world applications, recent advancements, and integration with blockchain protocols.
Learn about Monero and Zcash's privacy protocols, including ring signatures, stealth addresses, and zk-SNARKs. Understand their cryptographic foundations, transaction obfuscation techniques, scalability, regulatory implications, and attack surfaces. Analyze their trade-offs between privacy, efficiency, and decentralization for designing advanced privacy-preserving blockchain systems.
8. Blockchain in Big Data and IoT
Learn how data integrity ensures tamper-proof records and how provenance tracks data origin and history. Study cryptographic hash functions, digital signatures, Merkle trees, and consensus mechanisms. Understand their role in securing decentralized systems and enabling transparent, trustworthy, and verifiable data exchanges across blockchain networks.
Learn about security protocols, consensus mechanisms, scalability issues, data integrity, smart contracts, and privacy in Blockchain-IoT integration. Study interoperability frameworks, lightweight cryptography for IoT, decentralized identity, trust models, and real-time data processing to address challenges in secure, scalable, and efficient integration.
For a PhD in Blockchain and Cryptography, real-time data validation involves learning consensus mechanisms, zero-knowledge proofs, smart contract validation, cryptographic hash functions, data integrity checks, and secure multi-party computation. Understanding latency, scalability, and decentralized trust models is crucial to ensure accurate, timely, and tamper-resistant data validation across distributed networks.
Learn about secure key management, authentication protocols, lightweight cryptographic algorithms, decentralized trust models, blockchain integration for IoT security, secure firmware updates, privacy-preserving communication, consensus mechanisms, and threat modeling in constrained environments. Study interoperability, scalability, and post-quantum cryptography for future-proof solutions.
9. Regulatory, Legal, and Ethical Aspects
Learn about GDPR principles, data subject rights, lawful processing, data minimization, and consent. Learn how blockchain's immutability challenges data erasure rights. Explore privacy-preserving techniques (e.g., zero-knowledge proofs) and legal-technical alignment strategies to ensure compliance without compromising decentralization or cryptographic integrity.
Learn about the legal recognition of smart contracts, enforceability, jurisdiction issues, digital signatures, data privacy laws, and regulatory compliance. Understand how blockchain immutability affects legal disputes. Explore international legal frameworks, liability concerns, and smart contract code auditability. Analyze how legal systems adapt to autonomous, decentralized, and self-executing agreements in cryptographic environments.
Understand decentralized identity (DID) systems, zero-knowledge proofs for privacy, self-sovereign identity (SSI), and blockchain-based KYC protocols. Study cryptographic mechanisms enabling secure identity verification without data exposure. Explore regulatory compliance, interoperability challenges, scalability, and real-world implementations. Analyze trust models, identity management frameworks, and innovations enhancing privacy-preserving digital identity systems.
Study ethical issues in decentralized systems such as privacy, data ownership, governance, transparency, and algorithmic bias. Focus on trustless environments, accountability, and smart contract ethics. Analyze how cryptographic techniques uphold or challenge ethical standards. Explore implications for user autonomy, security, regulatory compliance, and societal impact in blockchain ecosystems.
10. Research Methodology and Emerging Trends
Learn about formal methods like model checking, theorem proving, and symbolic execution. Study tools like Coq, Isabelle, and TLA+. Understand how to verify smart contracts, consensus protocols, and cryptographic algorithms for correctness, security, and reliability using rigorous mathematical proofs and formal specifications.
Learn about quantum-resistant algorithms, lattice-based cryptography, NIST PQC standards, implications for blockchain security, migration strategies, cryptographic primitives like signatures and key exchange, performance trade-offs, and implementation challenges. Study how post-quantum solutions integrate with decentralized systems to future-proof blockchain against quantum computing threats.
Learn about cross-chain communication protocols, interoperability challenges, trust models, atomic swaps, and standards like IBC and Polkadot. Understand their cryptographic foundations, scalability concerns, and implications for decentralized systems. Emphasize secure data exchange, consensus mechanisms, and implications for multi-chain ecosystems in advanced blockchain research.
Learn research methodologies, problem formulation, hypothesis development, and literature review techniques. Understand qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Master thesis structure, ethical considerations, data collection, and analysis. Apply these to blockchain scalability, security, consensus algorithms, and cryptographic protocols. Develop strong academic writing, critical thinking, and citation skills for impactful scholarly work.
Conduct original research to address a real-world business problem. Learn to formulate research questions, apply theoretical frameworks, and contribute to academic and professional knowledge. Every Learner will go through these following six simple steps to complete their Thesis with the help of a Professional Expert.
What Our Learners Have To Say About Us
Pursuing my Doctorate in Business Administration was more than just an academic pursuit—it was a transformational journey. The research support and global exposure helped me establish myself as a thought leader in strategic management.
Analyze how Amazon or Netflix navigated shifting market conditions through strategic foresight, innovative thinking, and effective change management. Examine key decisions, adaptations to technology and consumer behavior, and leadership in driving transformation. Highlight lessons in resilience, long-term vision, and innovation that enabled sustained competitive advantage.
Analyze Satya Nadella’s transformational leadership at Microsoft, focusing on how his leadership style influenced employee motivation and drove cultural change. Examine key initiatives, communication strategies, and leadership behaviors that reshaped the company’s vision, collaboration, and innovation. Evaluate outcomes through performance improvements, employee engagement, and organizational culture transformation.
Analyze how Apple maintained supply chain resilience during COVID-19, focusing on logistics optimization, risk management strategies, and supplier relationship management. Examine disruptions faced, Apple’s response, and lessons learned. Highlight how Apple adapted operations, diversified suppliers, and leveraged technology to ensure continuity and meet global demand during the pandemic.
In this case study, analyze Tesla’s approach to raising capital and taking financial risks. Evaluate its valuation methods, capital structure decisions, and strategic financial choices. Assess how these influenced growth, investor confidence, and market positioning, while considering implications for long-term sustainability and competitive advantage in the electric vehicle industry.
In this case study, analyze how Airbnb achieved rapid growth through disruptive innovation. Focus on its unique business model, how it scaled operations globally, and secured funding to fuel expansion. Examine key strategies, challenges faced, and the impact of innovation on the hospitality industry’s traditional dynamics.
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Analyze how Coca-Cola tailors its branding and marketing strategies to different regions using consumer psychology insights and data-driven approaches. Examine specific regional campaigns, cultural adaptations, and how consumer behavior influences branding decisions. Highlight the effectiveness of personalized marketing and the role of data in shaping Coca-Cola’s global yet local brand presence.
Analyze the Volkswagen emissions scandal by examining the ethical lapses, failures in compliance, and the role of the board. Evaluate how decisions were made, who was responsible, and how stronger governance could have prevented it. Recommend strategies to enhance ethical decision-making, regulatory compliance, and board accountability in corporate settings.
Frequently Asked Questions
This is a doctoral-level program for professionals who want to lead through research and
innovation. It blends academic depth with real-world impact, helping you turn workplace
challenges into meaningful, research-driven solutions.
Yes, absolutely. It's built with your schedule in mind. You can pursue this PhD alongside your
job, with flexible study hours and a structure that respects your work-life balance.
This is a blended program, primarily conducted online. You'll learn through a mix of live virtual
sessions, recorded lectures, guided mentorship, and independent research. No campus visits
required—unless you choose to attend optional events.
You’ll learn from globally recognized faculty—experienced researchers, tenured professors, and
industry experts. They’ll not only teach you but guide your research journey with real insight and
personalized attention.
Instead of a traditional thesis, you’ll work on a Practicum Research Project. It’s based on a real
issue from your work or industry. With your advisor’s help, you’ll research it rigorously and may
even publish it, depending on your goals.
Not at all. This PhD is designed for professionals, not career academics. You’ll be supported
through every research step—from forming questions to analyzing data—with practical
guidance tailored to your experience level.
Most learners complete the program in about 2.5 to 3 years, depending on how much time you
dedicate. The flexible design means you can move at your own pace, balancing study with your
personal and professional life.
Yes. The degree is awarded by Euro Asian University in Estonia, a recognized institution within
the European Higher Education Area. It holds academic value across Europe, the U.S., and
beyond.
Publishing is not required but highly encouraged. If your work has practical or academic value,
your advisor can guide you in submitting it to journals or presenting it at conferences.
The cohort includes senior executives, consultants, educators, entrepreneurs, and mid-career
professionals. Everyone brings unique experiences, making for rich peer discussions and
networking opportunities.
Whether you want to teach, lead strategic transformation, consult, or start your own research
firm, this PhD helps position you as a subject matter expert and decision-maker in your domain.
The application is simple. Share your academic and professional background, express your
research interests, and have a short conversation with our admissions team. From there, we’ll
guide you through every step
Our advisors are available around the clock to answer questions and support your educational journey. Connect with us today to explore how upGrad can help you meet your career goals.
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